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<meta property="og:description" content="一、Linux下启动Oracle 　　Linux下启动Oracle分为两步：  　　1）启动监听；  　　2）启动数据库实例；   1.登录服务器，切换到oracle用户，或者以oracle用户登录[admin@dataserver ~]$ su - oracle 密码： [oracle@dataserver ~]$  2.打开监听服务[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl s">
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            <h1 id="seo-header">oracle数据库</h1>
            
            
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                <h1 id="一、Linux下启动Oracle"><a href="#一、Linux下启动Oracle" class="headerlink" title="一、Linux下启动Oracle"></a>一、Linux下启动Oracle</h1><ul>
<li><p>　　Linux下启动Oracle分为两步：</p>
</li>
<li><p>　　1）启动监听；</p>
</li>
<li><p>　　2）启动数据库实例；</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="1-登录服务器，切换到oracle用户，或者以oracle用户登录"><a href="#1-登录服务器，切换到oracle用户，或者以oracle用户登录" class="headerlink" title="1.登录服务器，切换到oracle用户，或者以oracle用户登录"></a>1.登录服务器，切换到oracle用户，或者以oracle用户登录</h2><pre><code class="hljs">[admin@dataserver ~]$ su - oracle
密码：
[oracle@dataserver ~]$
</code></pre>
<h2 id="2-打开监听服务"><a href="#2-打开监听服务" class="headerlink" title="2.打开监听服务"></a>2.打开监听服务</h2><pre><code class="hljs">[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start
</code></pre>
<p>可以通过lsnrctl status命令查看Oracle监听器运行状况</p>
<p>[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status</p>
<h2 id="3-以SYS用户身份登录Oracle"><a href="#3-以SYS用户身份登录Oracle" class="headerlink" title="3.以SYS用户身份登录Oracle"></a>3.以SYS用户身份登录Oracle</h2><pre><code class="hljs">[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Dec 1 23:29:19 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL&gt; conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
</code></pre>
<p>切换用户：</p>
<p>CONN 用户名&#x2F;密码 [AS SYSDBA]，如果是sys用户一定要写上AS　SYSDBA</p>
<h2 id="4-通过startup命令启动实例"><a href="#4-通过startup命令启动实例" class="headerlink" title="4.通过startup命令启动实例"></a>4.通过startup命令启动实例</h2><pre><code class="hljs">SQL&gt; startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System 
... ...
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL&gt;
</code></pre>
<h1 id="二、Linux下关闭Oracle"><a href="#二、Linux下关闭Oracle" class="headerlink" title="二、Linux下关闭Oracle"></a>二、Linux下关闭Oracle</h1><h2 id="1-关闭数据库实例"><a href="#1-关闭数据库实例" class="headerlink" title="1.关闭数据库实例"></a>1.关闭数据库实例</h2><pre><code class="hljs">SQL&gt; shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL&gt; quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
</code></pre>
<h2 id="2-关闭监听器"><a href="#2-关闭监听器" class="headerlink" title="2.关闭监听器"></a>2.关闭监听器</h2><pre><code class="hljs">[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop
</code></pre>
<h1 id="三、删除"><a href="#三、删除" class="headerlink" title="三、删除"></a>三、删除</h1><pre><code class="hljs"> // 删除用户
 drop user EAS86 cascade;
 // 删除表空间
 drop tablespace EAS_D_EAS86_TEMP2      including contents and datafiles;
 
</code></pre>
<h1 id="四、Oracle数据库几种启动方式"><a href="#四、Oracle数据库几种启动方式" class="headerlink" title="四、Oracle数据库几种启动方式"></a>四、Oracle数据库几种启动方式</h1><h2 id="1、startup-nomount"><a href="#1、startup-nomount" class="headerlink" title="1、startup nomount"></a>1、startup nomount</h2><p>非安装启动，这种方式下启动可执行：重建控制文件、重建数据库，读取init.ora文件，启动instance，即启动SGA和后台进程，这种启动只需要init.ora文件。</p>
<h2 id="2、startup-mount-dbname"><a href="#2、startup-mount-dbname" class="headerlink" title="2、startup mount (dbname)"></a>2、startup mount (dbname)</h2><p>安装启动，这种方式启动下可执行：数据库日志归档、数据库介质恢复、使数据文件联机或脱机、重新定位数据文件、重做日志文件。<br>执行“nomount”，然后打开控制文件，确认数据文件和联机日志文件的位置，但此时不对数据文件和日志文件进行校验检查。</p>
<h2 id="3、startup-open-dbname"><a href="#3、startup-open-dbname" class="headerlink" title="3、startup open (dbname)"></a>3、startup open (dbname)</h2><p>先执行“nomount”，然后执行“mount”，再打开包括Redo log文件在内的所有数据库文件，这种方式下可访问数据库中的数据。</p>
<h2 id="4、startup-等于以下三个命令"><a href="#4、startup-等于以下三个命令" class="headerlink" title="4、startup 等于以下三个命令"></a>4、startup 等于以下三个命令</h2><figure class="highlight sh"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sh">startup nomount<br>alter database mount<br>alter database open<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="5、startup-restrict"><a href="#5、startup-restrict" class="headerlink" title="5、startup restrict"></a>5、startup restrict</h2><p>此方式用于维护数据库<br>约束方式启动，这种方式能够启动数据库，但只允许具有一定特权的用户访问，非特权用户访问时，会出现以下提示：<br>ERROR：ORA-01035: ORACLE 只允许具有 RESTRICTED SESSION 权限的用户使用</p>
<h2 id="6、startup-force"><a href="#6、startup-force" class="headerlink" title="6、startup force"></a>6、startup force</h2><p>强制启动方式，当不能关闭数据库时，可以用startup force来完成数据库的关闭，先关闭数据库，再执行正常启动数据库命令</p>
<h2 id="7、startup-pfile-参数文件名"><a href="#7、startup-pfile-参数文件名" class="headerlink" title="7、startup pfile&#x3D;参数文件名"></a>7、startup pfile&#x3D;参数文件名</h2><p>带初始化参数文件的启动方式，先读取参数文件，再按参数文件中的设置启动数据库<br>例：startup pfile&#x3D;E:\Oracle\admin\oradb\pfile\init.ora</p>
<h2 id="8、startup-EXCLUSIVE"><a href="#8、startup-EXCLUSIVE" class="headerlink" title="8、startup EXCLUSIVE"></a>8、startup EXCLUSIVE</h2><p>独占和共享启动，用于rac</p>
<h1 id="五、Oracle三种关闭方式"><a href="#五、Oracle三种关闭方式" class="headerlink" title="五、Oracle三种关闭方式"></a>五、Oracle三种关闭方式</h1><h2 id="1、shutdown-normal"><a href="#1、shutdown-normal" class="headerlink" title="1、shutdown normal"></a>1、shutdown normal</h2><p>正常方式关闭数据库</p>
<h2 id="2、shutdown-immediate"><a href="#2、shutdown-immediate" class="headerlink" title="2、shutdown immediate"></a>2、shutdown immediate</h2><p>立即方式关闭数据库，在SVRMGRL中执行shutdown immediate，数据库并不立即关闭，而是在Oracle执行某些清除工作后才关闭(终止会话、释放会话资源)，当使用<br>shutdown不能关闭数据库时，shutdown immediate可以完成数据库关闭的操作。</p>
<h2 id="3、shutdown-abort"><a href="#3、shutdown-abort" class="headerlink" title="3、shutdown abort"></a>3、shutdown abort</h2><p>直接关闭数据库，正在访问数据库的会话会被突然终止，如果数据库中有大量操作正在执行，这时执行shutdown abort后，重新启动数据库需要很长时间。</p>
<h1 id="六、查询命令"><a href="#六、查询命令" class="headerlink" title="六、查询命令"></a>六、查询命令</h1><h2 id="1、根据约束名查询"><a href="#1、根据约束名查询" class="headerlink" title="1、根据约束名查询"></a>1、根据约束名查询</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sql"><span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> constraint_name,constraint_type,table_name <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> all_constraints <span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> CONSTRAINT_NAME<span class="hljs-operator">=</span><span class="hljs-string">&#x27;IDX_CARTON_HEADER&#x27;</span>;<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="2、查询剩余表空间"><a href="#2、查询剩余表空间" class="headerlink" title="2、查询剩余表空间"></a>2、查询剩余表空间</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sql"><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> a.tablespace_name &quot;表空间名&quot;, <br>total &quot;表空间大小&quot;, <br><span class="hljs-keyword">free</span> &quot;表空间剩余大小&quot;, <br>(total <span class="hljs-operator">-</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">free</span>) &quot;表空间使用大小&quot;, <br>total <span class="hljs-operator">/</span> (<span class="hljs-number">1024</span> <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-number">1024</span> <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-number">1024</span>) &quot;表空间大小(G)&quot;, <br><span class="hljs-keyword">free</span> <span class="hljs-operator">/</span> (<span class="hljs-number">1024</span> <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-number">1024</span> <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-number">1024</span>) &quot;表空间剩余大小(G)&quot;, <br>(total <span class="hljs-operator">-</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">free</span>) <span class="hljs-operator">/</span> (<span class="hljs-number">1024</span> <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-number">1024</span> <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-number">1024</span>) &quot;表空间使用大小(G)&quot;, <br>round((total <span class="hljs-operator">-</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">free</span>) <span class="hljs-operator">/</span> total, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>) <span class="hljs-operator">*</span> <span class="hljs-number">100</span> &quot;使用率 %&quot; <br><span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> tablespace_name, <span class="hljs-built_in">SUM</span>(bytes) <span class="hljs-keyword">free</span> <br><span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> dba_free_space <br><span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> tablespace_name) a, <br>(<span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> tablespace_name, <span class="hljs-built_in">SUM</span>(bytes) total <br><span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> dba_data_files <br><span class="hljs-keyword">GROUP</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> tablespace_name) b <br><span class="hljs-keyword">WHERE</span> a.tablespace_name <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> b.tablespace_name <br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="3、查询锁表"><a href="#3、查询锁表" class="headerlink" title="3、查询锁表"></a>3、查询锁表</h2><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs sql"><span class="hljs-comment">--查看被锁的表</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">select</span> b.owner, b.object_name, a.session_id, a.locked_mode<br>  <span class="hljs-keyword">from</span> v$locked_object a, dba_objects b<br><span class="hljs-keyword">where</span> b.object_id <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> a.object_id;<br><br><span class="hljs-comment">--3.查出锁定表的sid, serial#,os_user_name, machine_name, terminal，锁的type,mode</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">SELECT</span> s.sid,<br>	   s.serial#,<br>	   s.username,<br>	   s.schemaname,<br>	   s.osuser,<br>	   s.process,<br>	   s.machine,<br>	   s.terminal,<br>	   s.logon_time,<br>	   l.type<br>  <span class="hljs-keyword">FROM</span> v$session s, v$lock l<br><span class="hljs-keyword">WHERE</span> s.sid <span class="hljs-operator">=</span> l.sid<br>   <span class="hljs-keyword">AND</span> s.username <span class="hljs-keyword">IS</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NOT</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">NULL</span><br><span class="hljs-keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">BY</span> sid;<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
                
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